Infectious diseases remain the leading cause of medical consultation and hospital admissions in India. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites cause infectious diseases. Fever is a common clinical symptom in children.

Underlying infectious diseases that can cause fever in children can range from mild and self-limiting illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infections to more serious viral and bacterial illnesses. It is important to distinguish between a benign self-limiting illness that can be managed at home and one that requires hospitalization. Many infectious diseases that are common in children are quite rare in adults.

Some common infections in children are a) Respiratory tract infection b) Diarrhea c) Tuberculosis d) Urinary tract infection e) Malaria f) Typhoid fever c) Dengue fever h) Pyderma i) Parasitic infection c) Hand, foot, and mouth disease.